West of Norfolk on the Elizabeth River is Portsmouth (population 103,500), the oldest and largest shipyard in the nation, dating back to 1620. Located on the Hampton Roads, the city saw its naval yards bombarded and later burned during the Civil War by Union troops. Visitors can cruise by the naval dockyards on the paddlewheeler, Carrie B. This is possibly the best tour to learn about the Battle of the Ironclads, which took place in the Chesapeake waters between the newly deployed steel battleships, the USS Virginia and the USS Monitor. It was this conflict that singularly ended the use of the navy’s wooden ships and moved its fleet into the era of massive steel warships. The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum chronicles the navy’s development of warships.
The Elizabeth River Ferry Service links Portsmouth to Norfolk, and the city is serviced by Norfolk International Airport and I-64.